![]() In addition to saliva, rabies virus can be found in CNS and PNS tissue, and in tears. Viral shedding typically occurs just days prior to onset of clinical signs in infected animals and humans early clinical signs can be nonspecific, however, and public health professionals should conduct a thorough risk assessment to determine if medical care is indicated.Įxposure of highly innervated tissues (e.g., those in the face and hands) can increase the risk for successful infection, and exposures occurring closer to the CNS (e.g., head, neck) can potentially shorten the incubation period. Rabies virus secreted in saliva allows the transmission cycle to repeat. Rabies virus then migrates from the CNS back to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) into, among other tissues, the salivary glands. The virus travels from its point of entry along peripheral nerves to the central nervous system (CNS), where viral replication increases exponentially. Rabies virus is neurotropic it gains access to the nervous system through exposed peripheral nerve synapses in bite wounds. The normal and most successful mode of rabies virus transmission is via the bite of a rabid animal. Tens of millions of potential human exposures and tens of thousands of deaths from rabies occur each year. Rabies virus is by far the most common Lyssavirus infection in humans. ![]() Numerous, diverse lyssavirus variants are found in various animal species throughout the world, all of which can cause fatal human rabies. Rabies is a fatal, acute, progressive encephalomyelitis caused by neurotropic viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, genus Lyssavirus. State health department or Infectious Agent
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